Francisco de Goya

Apparition of the Virgin to Saint Julian (Aparición de la virgen a San Julián)

Apparition of the Virgin to Saint Julian (Aparición de la virgen a San Julián)
Datos Generales
Cronología
Ca. 1790
Ubicación
Parish church of Ntra. Sra. de la Asunción, Valdemoro (Madrid), Spain
Dimensiones
250 x 90 cm
Técnica y soporte
Oil on canvas
Reconocimiento de la autoría de Goya
Undisputed work
Titular
Diocese of Getafe
Ficha: realización/revisión
24 Jan 2010 / 28 Jun 2023
Historia

The Count of Lerena, who came from Valdemoro (Madrid), steward and secretary of state under King Charles III and Minister of the Treasury under Charles IV, took over the patronage of the local church in 1790 and commissioned a new altarpiece comprising three canvases to be created. The centre painting, commissioned to Francisco Bayeu, was dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin. The left-hand piece, painted by Ramón Bayeu, is the Martyrdom of Saint Peter of Verona. The right-hand painting, dedicated to Saint Julian, is the work of Goya.

The central scene is signed and dated 1790, and we can assume that the lateral paintings were completed around the same date

Análisis artístico

There is no specific document attesting to Goya's authorship of this painting, but today all specialists agree that it is his work following publications by Sánchez Cantón and Xavier de Salas which cleared up any doubts over their previous attribution to the Bayeus, linking it definitively to Goya, above all by pointing out its connection to a drawing of the same name by that painter.

The subject is based on the Flos Sanctorum by the Jesuit priest Pedro Ribadeneyra, which narrates the lives of the saints according to the liturgical calendar, published for the first time in 1599. It shows the Virgin crowned with flowers, dressed in a pink tunic and blue mantle. She appears to Saint Julian, the Bishop of Cuenca, who knees before the apparition, giving her the martyr's palm. To one side there is an unfinished basket, a crosier and miter, the symbols of the sainted bishop. He is elegantly dressed in a richly decorated and gilded cope. The white of his tunic stands out against the dark background. Once again we are presented with a devotional scene located in a dark room and illuminated thanks to the light radiating from the characters themselves, above all from the Virgin's halo.

Goya's versatility of technique is striking, as is the contrast between different sections of the painting: the impressionist treatment of the Virgin's crown of flowers or the Saint's cope contrasts with the attention to detail and realism of the wicker basket or Saint Julian's face.

Conservación

The painting was restored in the rooms of the Conde Duque Cultural Centre in 1988 for its first exhibition outside its original location "Painters of the Enlightenment" (Los pintores de la Ilustración), since it was badly damaged and poorly conserved.

Exposiciones
  • Los pintores de la Ilustración
    Centro Cultural Conde Duque
    Madrid
    1988
    consultant editors José Manuel Arnaiz and José Luis Morales y Marín
  • Goya (1746 – 1828)
    Galleria Internazionale d’Arte Moderna di Ca’Pesaro
    Venecia
    1989
    consultant editor Antonio Fortún Paesa. From May 7th to July 4th 1989
  • Goya. La imagen de la mujer
    Museo Nacional del Prado
    Madrid
    2001
    from October 30th 2001 to February 10th 2002. Exhibitied also at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, March 10th to June 2nd 2002, consultant editor Francisco Calvo Serraller
  • Goya e Italia
    Museo de Zaragoza
    Zaragoza
    2008
    organized by the Fundación Goya en Aragóna, consultant editor Joan Sureda Pons. From June 1st to September 15th 2008
Bibliografía
  • SALAS, Xavier de
    El Goya de Valdemoro
    Archivo Español del Arte
    Bibliography']['number
    Madrid
    1964
  • GASSIER, Pierre y WILSON, Juliet
    Vie et ouvre de Francisco de Goya
    Bibliography']['number
    ParísOffice du livre
    1970
    pp. 79, 96, cat. 246
  • GUDIOL RICART, José
    Bibliography']['number
    BarcelonaPolígrafa
    1970
    vol. I, p. 282, cat. 294
  • ANGELIS, Rita de
    L’opera pittorica completa di Goya
    Bibliography']['number
    MilanRizzoli
    1974
    p. 105, cat. 249
  • CAMÓN AZNAR, José
    Francisco de Goya, 4 vols.
    Bibliography']['number
    ZaragozaCaja de Ahorros de Zaragoza, Aragón y Rioja
    1980-1982
    vol. II, p. 82 y p. 195 (il.)
  • SUREDA PONS, Joan (comisario)
    Goya e Italia, 2 vols.
    Bibliography']['number
    ZaragozaFundación Goya en Aragón y Turner
    2008
    vol. II, p. 306, cat. 281
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