Francisco de Goya

Rehearsal of first flight witches, and with fear they try to work ( 2nd dream).

Clasificación
Rehearsal of first flight witches, and with fear they try to work ( 2nd dream).
Datos Generales
Cronología
Ca. 1796 - 1797
Ubicación
The Prado National Museum. Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Dimensiones
230 x 170 mm
Técnica y soporte
Reconocimiento de la autoría de Goya
Documented work
Titular
El Prado National Museum
Ficha: realización/revisión
06 Sep 2022 / 23 Jun 2023
Inventario
D4202
Inscripciones

2nd (in pencil; recto, upper centre)

60 (in pencil; recto, lower left-hand corner)

Ensayo de brujas primerizas de primer / buelo, y con temor se prueban pª trabajar (in pencil; recto, lower centre)

36 (verso, upper part)

36 (reverse, left)

36 (in red colour; reverse, left)

Watermark: H C WEND / & / ZOONEN

Historia

On the gestation, history and aims of the series known as Dreams, a set of preparatory drawings for The Caprices, see Dream 1: Universal Language.

Line of provenance of the present drawing: Javier Goya; Mariano Goya, 1854; Valentín Carderera, ca. 1861; Mariano Carderera, 1880; Prado Museum, 1886.

Análisis artístico

Within the series of drawings entitled Dreams, the seed of the Caprichos, a group devoted to witchcraft, including the present work, stands out for its number and singular subject matter. They illustrate scenes of which the painter had learned from his friend Leandro Fernández de Moratín (1760-1828), who had been working on the new edition of the Account of the Trial of the Faith celebrated in Logroño in 1610 since 1797. A further ten drawings in this series of Dreams deal with love, while other individual drawings depict donkeys, smugglers and monks. A feature common to all of them is the inscription in black pencil of a legend at the bottom, which in eleven cases begins with the word "dream".

Preparatory drawing for the etching of the Caprice 60. Rehersals. It heads a set of nine drawings on the subject of witches. Goya used witch themes to criticise the ignorance that presides over human behaviour. The scene has also been associated with shadow theatre and magic, a fashion of the time.

For Matilla, this image represents the initiation of a novice into the ritual of flight, assisted by another more experienced witch, the scene presided over by the shadowy silhouette of a billy goat. With its vague outlines, this magical beast acts as a vision that underlines the character of a fantasy world in which the women have taken flight by grasping, respectively, their hair and an ear. On the illuminated areas of the floor, on both sides of the main stage, the witches' clothes appear, as well as some spindles and spinning wheels, the tools of their honourable and abandoned work.

Matilla shows that various magical and sacrificial objects, such as bones and a dead puppy with its legs tied together, were placed in the shadows cast on the floor by the goat. Also worth noting is the human skull and the pitcher that attracts one of the two cats that gather at the feet of the goat. The posture of the novice, with her feet apart, her right hand as a support and extending the other, recalls the classical sculpture of the fallen Gladiator, a frequent model for the figure of Adam in depictions of the Creation or Fall of Man.

In the final engraving, the inexperienced and joyful novice is replaced by a witch who looks at her smiling and luminous teacher with an ambiguous expression, a mixture of debauchery, suspicion and fear, which emphasises not only the enchanting power and promise of life in Paradise, but also implies criticism of those who believe them and allow themselves to be tempted.

Exposiciones
  • Goya. La década de Los Caprichos
    Madrid
    1992
    organized by Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando sponsored by Fundación Central Hispano, Madrid, consultant editor Nigel Glendinnig. From October 26th 1992 to January 10th 1993
  • Barcelona
    2012
  • Goya: Order and disorder
    Museum of Fine Arts
    Boston
    2014
  • Madrid
    2019
  • Melbourne
    2021
Bibliografía
  • D'ACHIARDI, Pierre
    Bibliography']['number
    Roma D.Anderson: Editeur
    1908
    p. 30, n. 60
  • SÁNCHEZ CANTÓN, Francisco Javier
    Los Caprichos de Goya y sus dibujos preparatorios
    Bibliography']['number
    BarcelonaInstituto Amatller de Arte Hispánico
    1949
    pp. 94-95
  • LÓPEZ-REY, José
    Goya’s Caprichos. Beauty, Reason and Caricature
    Bibliography']['number
    Nueva JerseyPrinceton University Press
    1953
    p. 205, fig. 207
  • SÁNCHEZ CANTÓN. Francisco Javier
    Bibliography']['number
    MadridMuseo del Prado
    1954
    nº 58
  • GASSIER, Pierre y WILSON, Juliet
    Vie et ouvre de Francisco de Goya
    Bibliography']['number
    ParísOffice du livre
    1970
    pp. 183, nº 572
  • GASSIER, Pierre
    Dibujos de Goya, 2 vols
    Bibliography']['number
    BarcelonaNoguer
    1975
    p. 77
  • LAFUENTE FERRARI, Enrique
    El mundo de Goya en sus dibujos
    Bibliography']['number
    MadridUrbión
    1979
    pp. 108-109
  • LAFUENTE FERRARI, Enrique
    Bibliography']['number
    MadridSilex
    1980
    pp. 68-69, nº 9
  • WILSON-BAREU, Juliet
    Bibliography']['number
    MadridReal Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
    1992
    pp. 43-45
  • VEGA, Jesusa
    El sueño dibujado
    Actas de las I Jornadas de arte en Fuendetodos. Realidad y sueño en los viajes de Goya
    Bibliography']['number
    ZaragozaDiputación de Zaragoza
    1996
    pp. 50-51, fig. 5
  • BLAS BENITO, Javier, MATILLA RODRÍGUEZ, José Manuel y MEDRANO, José Miguel
    Bibliography']['number
    MadridMuseo Nacional del Prado
    1999
    p. 311
  • MATILLA, José Manuel and MENA, Manuela B.
    Bibliography']['number
    MadridFundación bancaria “la Caixa” y Museo Nacional del Prado
    2012
    p. 172
  • MATILLA, José Manuel y MENA, Manuela B. (comisarios)
    Bibliography']['number
    MadridMuseo Nacional del Prado
    2019
    p. 294
  • Bibliography']['number
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