Francisco de Goya

Philip IV. King of Spain (Felipe IV. Rey de España)

Clasificación
Philip IV. King of Spain (Felipe IV. Rey de España)
Datos Generales
Cronología
1778
Dimensiones
370 x 310 mm
Técnica y soporte
Etching
Reconocimiento de la autoría de Goya
Undisputed work
Ficha: realización/revisión
10 Jan 2010 / 31 May 2023
Inventario
225
Inscripciones

Pintura de D. Diego Velázquez del tamaño del natural en el R.l Palacio de Madrid; dibujada y grabada por D. Francisco Goya Pintor. Año de 1778 ("Painting by Don Diego Velázquez, life size, in the Royal Palace of Madrid; drawn and etched by Don Francisco Goya, Painter, in the year 1778" at the bottom of the etching).

Historia

See Philip III.

The second state proof was made by Goya before the letters were added to the etching plate.

The first edition was made in black ink; the second in greyish-sepia ink; and the third, announced in the 3rd edition of the Caprices, in 1868, was made in dark greyish-brown ink. Written in pencil on this third-edition print, in the lower right-hand corner, we see the word Merelo.

The work was announced in the Gazeta de Madrid of the 28th July 1778.

Análisis artístico

The original painting was part of the group of equestrian portraits that Velázquez painted for the Hall of Kingdoms at Madrid's Buen Retiro Palace (Ca. 1636, Prado Museum, Madrid). Set before the backdrop of the mountains around Madrid, we see Philip IV, in profile, mounted on a bay horse with black mane and tail and white legs and muzzle. The king is wearing a half-length suit of damascene steel armour, across the chest of which is a crimson sash, tied at the waist and with golden edging. His face is impassive and on his head is a broad-brimmed hat topped with black feathers. His right hand wears an amber glove and wields a general's baton.

When Goya copied this work he changed some of the elements in the background, leaving out the tree on the left-hand side of the painting and raising the mountains in that same part of the canvas. These modifications substantially detract from the etching when compared with the painting, since the landscape is one of the most interesting aspects of the portrait as carried out by Velázquez. In relation to the other equestrian portraits etched by Goya, the present image allows us to see how the painter has worked with greater skill and how he has intensified the lines, helping to describe more precisely the king's armour and the body of the horse. In this way he manages to create a stronger contrast between the figure in the foreground and the scenery behind, heightening the presence of the figure of the king on top of the white paper support.

The etching plate was made in two stages. First, the drawing and a light first bite were made. Later, further etching was done to bring out the shadows on the king's chest, the saddle, and the horse's flank and hind quarters, as well as to fill in the unworked area between the edge of the saddle and the animal's side.

Conservación

The etching plate is conserved in the National Chalcography Museum (cat. 159). It came from the Fondo de Recuperación of 1948 (body created to recover works of art taken out of Spain during the Civil War).

Exposiciones
  • Goya. Das Zeitalter der Revolucionen. Kunst um 1800 (1980 – 1981)
    Hamburger Kunsthalle
    Hamburg
    1980
  • Goya und Velazquez: das königliche Portrait,
    Städtische Galerie im Städelschen Kunstinstitut
    Frankfurt
    1991
  • Francisco Goya. Sein leben im spiegel der graphik. Fuendetodos 1746-1828 Bordeaux. 1746-1996
    Galerie Kornfeld
    Bern
    1996
    from November 21st 1996 to January 1997
  • Ydioma universal: Goya en la Biblioteca Nacional
    Biblioteca Nacional
    Madrid
    1996
    from September 19th to December 15th 1996
Bibliografía
  • BERUETE Y MONET, Aureliano de
    Goya, grabador
    Bibliography']['number
    MadridBlass S.A.
    1918
    cat. 9
  • HARRIS, Tomás
    Goya engravings and lithographs, vol. I y II.
    Bibliography']['number
    OxfordBruno Cassirer
    1964
    cat. 7
  • GASSIER, Pierre y WILSON, Juliet
    Vie et ouvre de Francisco de Goya
    Bibliography']['number
    ParísOffice du livre
    1970
    cat. 93
  • CAMÓN AZNAR, José
    Dibujos y grabados de Goya sobre obras de Velázquez Goya
    Goya
    Bibliography']['number
    Madrid
    1971
    pp. 268-269
  • SANTIAGO, Elena M. (coordinadora)
    Catálogo de las estampas de Goya en la Biblioteca Nacional
    Bibliography']['number
    MadridMinisterio de Educación y Cultura, Biblioteca Nacional
    1996
    cat. 12
  • WILSON BAREAU, Juliet
    Goya. In the Norton Simon Museum
    Bibliography']['number
    PasadenaNorton Simon Museum
    2016
    p. 31
Enlaces externos
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